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Replacing Your Facilities Floor? Don’t Overlook This One Vital Trick
Originally published in the September 2019 issue of Concrete Contractor
Many people don’t realize how important moisture testing is with concrete subfloors, especially with old concrete. After all, if the slab was poured 10 years ago, it must be dry, right? And if it had a floor installed all that time, there can’t be a problem, right?
Maybe, maybe not.
Here’s a true story from our files. A customer called from the Northwest. They were installing a very expensive wood floor over a concrete slab that was poured in 1952. The area had just experienced historically heavy rainfall in the past few months. The customer performed an in situ relative humidity (RH) test as part of the process and the readings pegged at 99% RH. That’s more than enough to cause a flooring system to fail horrendously.
So, how is that possible with a slab that’s more than 60 years old? For the answer to that, we need to first take a look at how moisture gets into concrete.
Sources of Moisture in Concrete
There are many ways that moisture gets into a concrete slab. Ground moisture can enter either through capillary action or as water vapor. Groundwater might be present due to a high water table or poor drainage. Other ways include high air humidity or high RH in the environment, or leaking plumbing that goes through the slab.
So, the high moisture in our story isn’t surprising given the age of the slab and the recent weather. Older slabs were often constructed without moisture barriers, or the moisture barrier has degraded over time. Or maybe a plumbing leak has developed over time.
High moisture levels in the concrete could also be hidden by the old flooring system. Older flooring adhesives and sealants were typically more moisture-resistant than today’s lower VOC products. So, you might remove an older floor that has performed perfectly well for years and find that the slab is too wet for today’s less moisture-resistant flooring systems.
Moisture Damage to Floors
Installing any type of floor over concrete that isn’t sufficiently dry can be disastrous. For wood floors, slabs with excessive moisture can cause adhesive failure, wood warping or cupping, gaps and creaking. Floor coatings can suffer from blistering and delamination. Sheet vinyl and vinyl tile floors can suffer adhesive failure and blistering. Mold and mildew are also common problems with excessive moisture.
Experienced flooring installers know that you can’t look at the surface of a concrete slab and know if it’s dry enough to install a floor. There might be large amounts of moisture hidden deep in the slab. After you install a floor, that hidden moisture can rise to the surface of the slab and cause the floor to fail. Over the years, various methods of testing slabs for moisture have been developed, but most of them are not scientifically based, accurate and reliable.
ASTM F2170 – The Most Reliable Method of RH Testing Concrete
Only the RH test has been scientifically proven to give reliable and accurate results. Research going back to the 1960s found that a moisture gradient forms within a concrete slab as it dries, so the slab is drier at the surface and wetter deep inside. That’s why surface tests are not a reliable indicator of the slab’s moisture condition. Further research in the 1990s established procedures for testing at specific depths within the slab using an RH probe. In 2002, ASTM International developed the F2170 standard for in situ RH testing based on this research.
Introducing the Wagner Meters Rapid RH® L6 system
L6 sensors never need calibration because they come calibrated from the factory and include a NIST-traceable certificate of calibration to keep with your records regarding your concrete RH testing.
The Rapid RH L6 system is the fastest, easiest, most cost-effective system for RH testing concrete slabs in compliance with ASTM F2170.
The Rapid RH L6 system uses single-use sensors for speed, economy, and ease of use. Once the L6 sensors are installed in the slab and equilibrated, there’s no need to move them from location to location and wait for them to equilibrate again. Repeat readings can be taken without additional equilibration time. And unlike reusable probes, the L6 sensors never need calibration because they come calibrated from the factory and include a NIST-traceable certificate of calibration to keep with your records regarding your concrete RH testing
The Rapid RH L6 system’s Total Reader® reads, displays and transmits temperature and RH data via Bluetooth® to the DataMaster™ L6 app with no manual intervention and no need to record readings on paper. The DataMaster L6 app stores, displays, and reports the data on your iOS or Android mobile device. From your mobile device, you can email PDF format reports to your client and all interested parties. Backup copies of your readings are stored in the cloud and in the sensors that are permanently installed in the slab. This unbroken digital path from the sensor to the final report, plus automatic data backup ensures the highest data integrity, accuracy, and peace of mind.
Free Download – 4 Reasons Why Your Concrete Is Taking Forever to Dry
Summary
- Just because a slab is old, that doesn’t mean it’s dry. Old concrete can have crazy high levels of moisture.
- Old floors were more moisture resistant and can hide very high levels of moisture.
- Any type of flooring system can experience a disastrous failure when installed over concrete that isn’t sufficiently dry.
- Only the RH test has been scientifically proven to give reliable and accurate results.
- The Wagner Meters Rapid RH L6 system is the fastest, easiest, most cost-effective system for RH testing concrete slabs in compliance with ASTM F2170.
So, heard enough? Then test that slab!
Jason has 20+ years’ experience in sales and sales management in a spectrum of industries and has successfully launched a variety of products to the market, including the original Rapid RH® concrete moisture tests. He currently works with Wagner Meters as our Rapid RH® product sales manager.
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Last updated on June 1st, 2021
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I started using your sensors when they were blue then they change the orange now they are green. Too many changes to keep updating. There is really no need to update a test that was formulated back in the 60s.
Steve:
Thanks for your opinion, we always appreciate our users’ perspectives. I would disagree on two fronts though:
1) Technology does improve and we try to make sure users have the most accurate and easiest to use devices. In the L6, the raw sensor is improved and memory in the sensor allows for data to be stored and retrieved if there is a flooring failure.
2) Users asked for refinements in the product like the improved cap and the more robust reader. We try to oblige if possible.
The last piece to bring up is that, as a company, we do EVERYTHING in our power to go above and beyond to ensure customers are “whole” not having to make a large outlay of money just to make the switch. Going from blue to orange we gave away readers for a long duration of time. The same thing is true for the switch from orange to green. For 12 months we packaged a free reader in EVERY pack of 25, 50, or 100 sensors.
In the 60’s the hair hygrometer was popular, but you see very few of those today.